爆料公社

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What international framework is there to understand if acts are terrorist in nature or not?

Since 1963, the international community has adopted?19 international counter-terrorism legal instruments (conventions and protocols), many of which define acts of terrorism: 

• Acts of aircraft hijacking 
• Acts of aviation sabotage 
• Acts of violence at airports 
• Acts against the safety of maritime navigation 
• Acts against the safety of fixed platforms located on the continental shelf 
• Crime against internationally protected persons (such as the kidnapping of diplomats) 
• Acts of unlawful taking and possession of nuclear material 
• Acts of hostage-taking 
• Acts of terrorist bombings 
• Acts of funding of the commission of terrorist acts and terrorist organizations 
• The use of an aircraft as a weapon. 

What are the main functions of the Counter-Terrorism Committee and CTED?

Pursuant to the Charter of the United Nations, maintenance of international peace and security is the primary responsibility of the Security Council. In the wake of the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, the Council acting under Chapter VII of the Charter adopted resolution?, which sets forth a range of measures to be implemented by Member States in order to address the terrorist threat in a global, coordinated and comprehensive manner. The resolution also created the Counter-Terrorism Committee (CTC), a Council subsidiary body composed of all 15 Council members, tasked with monitoring Member States’ implementation efforts. 

By its resolution?, the Council subsequently established the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) as a special political mission, charged with assisting the Committee in its work to monitor, facilitate, and promote Member States’ implementation of resolution  and subsequent resolutions and decisions of the Council on counter-terrorism, including resolution?, on the prohibition of incitement to commit terrorist acts, and resolution?, on countering foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs) and violent extremism (CVE).

Why are there other UN counter-terrorism entities?

Counter-terrorism has been a prominent issue on the agenda of the United Nations for many years. In response to the evolving global terrorism threat, the United Nations has created a number of bodies to deal with terrorism-related issues. In addition to the?Counter-Terrorism Committee?and CTED, the Council has established: (i) the?Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999) 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) and its?Analytical Support and Sanctions Monitoring Team?concerning ISIL (Da’esh), Al-Qaida and the Taliban and associated individuals and entities; and (ii) the?Non-proliferation 
Committee?established pursuant to Security Council resolution 1540 (2004) and its Expert Group. The Council also established a?Working Group?on the victims of terrorism, pursuant to its?resolution .

In adopting the?United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, in 2006, the United Nations General Assembly created the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF) Office and the United Nations Counter-Terrorism Centre (UNCCT). In June 2017, the?Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force?and the?UN Counter-Terrorism Centre, initially established in the then-Department of Political Affairs, were moved into the new?Office of Counter-Terrorism. The new Office was mandated to enhance coordination and coherence across the 43 participating entities to ensure the balanced implementation of the four pillars of the?UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. On 23 February 2018, the Secretary-General?signed?the new United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact, which?replaces the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force coordination arrangement.

A number of other United Nations entities and specialized agencies are engaged in counter-terrorism issues. They include the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), and the World Customs Organization (WCO). All these entities cooperate within their respective mandates and within the?Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact.

Since the adoption of resolution ,?CTED has intensified its cooperation with the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism and the other member entities of the Global Counter-Terrorism Coordination Compact, acting in accordance with the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly and the Council (in particular the provisions of Council resolution  and the relevant provisions of the Global Strategy, with a view?to promoting the implementation of the four pillars of the Strategy and their corresponding measures).

How are the Committee’s country visits conducted?

CTED conducts country visits on the Committee’s behalf as part of the assessment process to understand Member States’ counter-terrorism efforts, strengths, weaknesses, and technical assistance needs and to identify good practices employed in the implementation of resolutions , , , and , as well as in response to terrorism-related trends and challenges. The visiting delegations are led by CTED and include experts from relevant international, regional and subregional organizations, including the African Union, the European Union, the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), FATF-Style Regional Bodies, the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the World Customs Organization (WCO), and other specialized bodies and institutions with expertise in specific aspects of counter-terrorism.  As of September 2022, CTED has conducted more than 182 visits to over 112 United Nations Member States (including 11 virtual components of the hybrid visits during the COVID-19 period and 2 full hybrid visits), since it was declared operational 17 years earlier.

The Committee’s visits are guided by the “Framework document for Counter-Terrorism Committee visits to Member States aimed at monitoring, promoting and facilitating the implementation of Security Council resolutions 1373 (2001), 1624 (2005), 2178 (2014), 2396 (2017), 2462 (2019) and 2482 (2019) and other relevant Council resolutions” [    ] and the “Guidelines of the Counter-Terrorism Committee for post-visit follow-up" from 2012.

On 19 November 2020, the Counter-Terrorism Committee adopted hybrid assessment visits to some Member States, pro tempore, so that the Committee and the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate (CTED) can, to the extent possible, carry out one of the core functions entrusted to it by the Security Council. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions imposed by the United Nations, all scheduled or planned in-person assessment visits were postponed between March 2020 and March 2022.

How do the Committee and CTED promote international cooperation?

Terrorism is a threat to international peace and security, as evidenced by the Security Council’s engagement. The global terrorist threat is complex and geographically diverse. It is therefore essential to promote international cooperation and engagement in countering terrorism, including within the framework of Council resolutions , , and , on international judicial cooperation in criminal matters, and the?19 international counter-terrorism instruments.?Combating terrorism requires international cooperation in criminal matters with full respect for the rule of law and human rights. Moreover, counter-terrorism policies and methods must go beyond traditional security arrangements and adopt a broader perspective that engages all stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, as well as international cooperation on sharing of information/intelligence on border security and approaches to prosecution, reconciliation, and reintegration (PRR), where cross border movement is a key feature, such as the Lake Chad Basin, for example.

In order to assist Member States to bring terrorists to justice and support international cooperation in criminal matters, CTED collaborates, under the direction of the Committee, with a number of international, regional and subregional organizations, including, inter alia, the Council of Europe, the European Union, FATF, the International Association of Prosecutors (IAP), the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), IOM, the Organization of American States (OAS), the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the International Organization of La Francophonie (OIF), the League of Arab States, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the World Customs Organization (WCO). The Committee and CTED also cooperate closely with some of the world’s largest private-sector actors and key civil-society groups in preventing and combating terrorist exploitation of information and communications technologies (ICT).

How do the Committee and CTED take account of human rights and rule-of-law issues in implementing their mandates?

The Committee and CTED take account of relevant human rights issues in all their activities, including within the framework of the Committee’s country visits, in their interaction with Member States, and in their work products. In the Committee’s reports to the Council, submitted as part of its comprehensive reviews of the work of CTED, the Committee states that CTED should take account of relevant human rights obligations ( and . In May 2006, the Committee adopted human rights policy guidance for CTED.

Security Council resolution , which addresses incitement to commit terrorist acts, stresses that States must ensure that any measures they take to implement the resolution comply with all their obligations under international law, in particular international human rights law, refugee law, and humanitarian law. The preamble to resolution  emphasizes the right to freedom of expression and the right to seek and enjoy asylum. In its resolution , on stemming the flow of foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs), the Council decides that Member States shall, consistent with international human rights law, international refugee law, and international humanitarian law, prevent and suppress the recruiting, organizing, transporting, or equipping of FTFs, and stressed that CVE was an essential element of an effective response to the FTF phenomenon.

How do the Committee and CTED engage with Member States?

In order to engage with Member States, CTED employs a number of channels and tools, including consultations, meetings, and briefings, ongoing dialogue with counterparts at the informal level, special meetings, country visits, reports submitted to the Committee by Member States, and its comprehensive assessment tools, which encompass the Detailed Implementation Survey (DIS), and the Overview of Implementation Assessment (OIA). The outreach activities of the Committee and CTED are also regularly covered through web stories and social media (e.g., Twitter: @UN_CTED).

How can a Member State request the support of the Committee and CTED?

Acting through their Governments or through their Permanent Missions to the United Nations, Member States may request assistance by contacting either the Chair of the Committee, including by email to sc-ctc [at] un.org, or the CTED Executive Director, including by email to cted [at] un.org. 

Do the Committee and CTED provide technical assistance directly to Member States?

No. The Committee and CTED do not provide technical assistance directly to Member States. Rather, they facilitate the delivery of technical assistance, in accordance with the?CTC policy guidance on technical assistance, through close engagement with a broad range of donor and provider organizations.

Can I obtain copies of the Committee’s assessment documents?

The Committee has adopted guidance on whether or how to distribute its assessment documents. In addition, Council resolution , paragraph 10,?“[d]irects CTED to make available information contained in national counterterrorism surveys and assessments, when agreed by concerned Member States […]”.?Accordingly, by agreement with the State concerned, the Committee’s assessment documents are shared with technical assistance providers and implementing agencies to assist the State in the implementation of the assessment’s recommendations.

What is the difference between CTED and UNOCT?

Both the Committee and CTED were established by the Security Council, while the United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) was established by the General Assembly. Another way in which CTED and UNOCT differ is that CTED conducts assessments of Member States on behalf of the Counter-Terrorism Committee, while UNOCT is tasked with coordinating and following up to how the recommendations emanating from those assessments are addressed.

How does CTED engage with the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF)?

CTED and the Global Counter Terrorism Forum (GCTF) – an informal, multilateral counter-terrorism platform -- work in close cooperation. GCTF functions primarily as a mechanism for furthering the implementation of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy and for complementing and reinforcing existing multilateral counter-terrorism efforts. CTED participates in GCTF coordination meetings with a view to promoting and sharing good practices identified by CTED and GCTF in their dialogue with Member States and international, regional, and subregional organizations. The two entities participate in workshops on a reciprocal basis, and CTED supports the development of good practices by GCTF.

How does the Committee streamline its working methodology and procedures?

Over the years, the Committee has adopted a number of steps to streamline its working methodology and procedures in order to enhance its dialogue with Member States, including by regularly updating its assessments, stocktaking, and other working procedures. The following are the Committee’s primary guidance documents: 

• S/2020/731– Framework document for Counter-Terrorism Committee visits to Member States aimed at monitoring, promoting and facilitating the implementation of Security Council resolutions 1373 (2001), 1624 (2005), 2178 (2014), 2396 (2017), 2462 (2019) and 2482 (2019) and other relevant Council resolutions [     ] 

• Guidelines of the Counter-Terrorism Committee for post-visit follow-up.

• Counter-Terrorism Committee updated working methods. 

Do the Committee and CTED receive support from academic institutions or think tanks?

Academic institutions are essential partners of the Committee and CTED. Council resolution  directs CTED to identify emerging issues, trends, and developments relating to Council resolutions  and  and to advise the Committee on practical ways for Member States to implement the resolutions. Paragraph 19 of resolution  invites CTED to further engage and enhance its partnership, among others, with academia and other entities in conducting research and information-gathering and in identifying good practices and, in that context, to support the Committee’s efforts to promote implementation of the resolutions. In 2015, the Committee, assisted by CTED, launched a Global Counter-Terrorism Research Network (GRN), which consists of leading think tanks and research institutions from Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the Americas, and Oceania.?In November 2015, the Committee, assisted by CTED, held an?open meeting with partners of the , open to the wider United Nations membership, to analyse and discuss emerging terrorism issues and trends, particularly those pertaining to foreign terrorist fighters (FTFs). The goal of the open meeting was to enable the Committee, CTED, and Network partners to analyse and discuss related emerging issues, trends, and developments, and to build on research gaps with a view to identifying priority areas of work with respect to the implementation of resolution .

Are the Committee and CTED present on social media?

Yes. You can follow the work of the Committee and CTED through Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and YouTube. CTED also has a Flickr account. 

• Facebook:?@UnitedNationsCTED 
• Flickr: un_cted 
• Instagram: @UN_CTED 
• Twitter: @UN_CTED 
• YouTube: UnitedNationsCTED  

 Does CTED integrate a gender dimension in its work?

Yes. Security Council resolution  calls for greater integration by Member States and the UN of their agendas on women, peace and security, and on counter-terrorism and countering violent extremism which can be conducive to terrorism, and requests the Committee and CTED to integrate gender as a cross-cutting issue throughout their activities, including in country-specific assessments and reports, recommendations made to Member States, the facilitation of technical assistance, and briefings to the Council. The resolution also urges CTED to conduct gender-sensitive research and to collect data on the drivers of radicalization for women and the impacts of counter-terrorism strategies on women’s human rights and women’s organizations in order to develop targeted and evidence-based policy and programming responses.

CTED accordingly incorporates a gender dimension into all aspects its work and works with partners such as UN Women and UNOCT to increase the focus on gender issues in facilitating Member States’ implementation of the relevant Council resolutions.

Can I attend a Committee meeting or briefing?

The Committee’s meeting arrangements may be consulted in the?, which will also indicate whether the meeting is closed or open. Closed meetings are for Committee members and invited representatives from Member States and organizations only. To request admission to open meetings and briefings, please consult the announcements in the UN Journal.

What is the difference between the Committee’s plenary meetings and its special meetings and open briefings?

The Committee’s regular plenary meetings are closed meetings at which members of the Committee formally plan, discuss, approve, or take note of country assessments, activities, events, and procedures. Representatives of Member States and international and regional organizations may be invited to participate in open sessions to brief the Committee on new and emerging trends, developments, challenges, and good practices, and for the purpose of maintaining tailored dialogue on relevant regional and thematic issues.

The Committee’s special meetings, events and open briefings are open to Member States and international and regional organizations. Pursuant to resolution , the Committee and CTED also organize open briefings and events with members of the Global Research Network, civil society, and the private sector. Those meetings and events serve as useful platforms for the exchange of information on new and emerging trends, threats, and challenges; interaction among stakeholders; the sharing of good practices; the discussion of capacity-building needs; the planning of technical assistance programmes; and increasing the visibility of the work of the Committee and CTED.

Do the Committee and CTED engage with parliaments and parliamentarians?

Yes. Parliaments play a vital role in combatting the global terrorism threat by facilitating Member States’ implementation of the relevant international counter-terrorism instruments and General Assembly and Security Council resolutions. CTED and parliamentarians interact through events held in New York and through CTED’s participation in events organized by parliamentary bodies. Parliaments can assist the Committee and CTED by reviewing draft national counter-terrorism legislation with a view to ensuring that the draft conforms to the international counter-terrorism regime and with States’ obligations under international law, including human rights law, humanitarian law, and refugee law. Parliaments can also help expedite the process of introducing amendments to existing legislation to ensure that emerging terrorist threats are rapidly and effectively addressed by governments in accordance with an appropriate legal framework. Parliaments may also encourage and guide governments in their development of comprehensive national counter-terrorism strategies.

CTED increasingly interacts with Members of parliament within the framework of an assessment visit. The Africa Section also supports a UNOCT, UNODC, and Inter-Parliamentary Union  project on supporting the role of Parliaments in addressing terrorism, including via legislative reform: five African countries have been prioritized for support.

Does CTED accept voluntary contributions?

CTED established a Trust Fund in 2011 to receive voluntary contributions to support activities relating to its mandate, including technical assistance facilitation. CTED welcomes voluntary contributions to the Trust Fund and may be contacted at CTED [at] un.org. 

How can I apply for a job at CTED?

Please visit the?Employment section of the CTC/CTED website, or register at?. Short-term consultancy opportunities are occasionally posted on the??website. 

How can I apply for an internship at CTED?

爆料公社 offers opportunities for students enrolled in a graduate programme to undertake an?internship at its?New York Headquarters. These may be consulted at?.

How many international counter-terrorism legal instruments are there?

Since 1963, the international community has adopted?19 international counter-terrorism legal instruments. Developed under the auspices of the United Nations and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), they are open to participation by all Member States.